Ringworm, despite its misleading name, is not caused by worms at all. Rather, it is a highly contagious fungal infection that can affect the skin, fur, and occasionally the nails of dogs and cats. Understanding the signs, treatment and prevention of ringworm is essential for every pet owner, as it poses a risk not only to our furry companions but also to ourselves and other animals.
Ringworm, scientifically known as dermatophytosis, is a fungal infection caused by various species of dermatophytes the most common of which being Microsporum canis. Contrary to its name, ringworm doesn't always manifest as a circular lesion. It can appear as red, scaly patches with hair loss, and can spread to other areas of the body if left untreateated.
Signs & Symptoms
Ringworm occurs most frequently in cats (under one year old) and in dogs (under three years old), as noted in PetSure claims data in 2022. Common signs in both species to be aware are circular patches of hair loss, flaky, or crusty skin. Redness and itching can develop, especially when there is secondary infection with bacteria. It is sometimes possible, depending on the species of ringworm for it to "glow" when examined under a Wood's lamp. The Wood's lamp emits ultraviolet light that causes infected hairs to fluoresce, which can aid in the detection of ringworm. Sometimes Ringworm infects the nails and nail beds. Affected nails may appear rough, scaley and even grow abnormally. It is important to note that humans can also catch ringworm from infected pets, leading to similar skin lesions.
Diagnosis
Proper diagnosis is crucial to effectively manage ringworm in dogs and cats. Veterinarians may use a combination of diagnostic tools which may include ultraviolet Wood's lamp examination, microscopic examination of hair or skin samples and sometimes fungal culture. This is where a sample is taken and grown to see what organisms develop. This might be done in clinic, or the sample might be sent to a laboratory. Fungal cultures and microscopic examinations allow for precise identification of the fungal species involved.
Treatment
Once ringworm is diagnosed, prompt treatment is essential to prevent further spread and aid in the healing process. Treatment options may include topical antifungal medications, oral medications, medicated baths and environmental decontamination. Topical antifungal creams or ointments are often applied directly to the affected areas, while oral medications are prescribed for severe or widespread cases. Medicated baths can help remove fungal spores from the fur and thorough cleaning of the pet's environment reduces the risk of re-infection. According to PetSure data in 2022, ringworm in dogs had an average claimed cost of $265.00 with the highest claimed cost being $3,856.00. In cats, the average claimed cost for ringworm was $263.00 and the highest claimed amount was $1,588.00.*
Recovery
The duration of ringworm recovery in dogs and cats can vary depending on the severity of the infection and the individual's immune response. In most cases, following the recommended treatment protocol as well as maintaining great hygiene will lead to successful resolution within a few weeks to a few months. It is important to closely follow the veterinarian's instructions, administer medications as prescribed and monitor the pet's progress during the recovery period. Regular check-ups may be necessary to ensure complete eradication of the infection.
Prevention
Pets catch ringworm through contact with other animals with ringworm, or through contaminated items such as bedding or towels. High risk areas for catching ringworm can include kennels and catteries, animal shelters, pet grooming salons and breeder facilities. Keeping young puppies and kittens away from high-risk scenarios can help avoid contact with ringworm. Be proactive if you notice any signs of hair loss or skin problems through regular grooming and checking the hair and skin. That way if your pet contracts ringworm you can address it early. Keep all areas that pets frequent clean, dry and well-ventilated to make the environment less suitable for fungal spores to survive. Disinfect bedding and towels. Avoid contact with infected animals and always wash your hands well with soap and water before and after touching pets.
