What are Skin Allergies?
Skin allergies are a common problem in both dogs and cats. In fact, skin allergies feature in the top ten claimed conditions for both dogs and cats according to PetSure claims data in 2022, indicating just how big an issue it is for Aussie pets. Skin allergies can cause significant discomfort and distress for dogs and cats. They occur when the immune system overreacts to substances in the environment.
Common allergy triggers include pollens, dust mites, mould spores, foods and fleas. These allergens can cause an inflammatory response that manifests primarily on the skin. Atopic dermatitis, a chronic inflammatory skin condition, is often associated with skin allergies in both dogs and cats.
Signs & symptoms
Common signs that pets may be suffering from allergies include:
• Scratching and rubbing at the skin and/ or ears
•Red or inflamed skin
•Skin rashes
• Hair loss or thinning of the fur
• Scabs or bleeding skin
• Skin infections, "hot spots "
• Licking or chewing of the paws, or brown stains on the paws
• Greasy skin or excessively dry skin
•Bad smells from the skin or ears
•Red and inflamed ears, excessive discharge from ears
Diagnosis
Understanding the pet's history is one of the first components to diagnosing allergies in dogs and cats. As there are many different triggers of allergies, understanding whether the pet has had similar signs in the past i.e., if there is a seasonal component, how up to date with flea control the pet is, and even family history of skin allergies should all be considered.
Certain breeds are more likely to suffer from skin allergies, including Bull Dogs, French Bull Dogs and Staffordshire Terriers. In cats, the standout breeds for skin allergies according PetSure claims data in 2022 include Devon Rex and British Shorthair. Examining the skin and hair visually provides some clues, but often skin scrapings and microscopic analysis are required to start to rule out other dermatological conditions like mites.
Treatment
Treating skin allergies in dogs in cats aims to relieve the symptoms as well as modulate the underlying allergic response. Common treatments include:
Flea control is a mainstay of allergy treatment, even if the pet does not have a specific flea allergy. Having fleas can complicate treatment and of course, cause irritation and discomfort to an already itchy pet.
Medications including antihistamines, corticosteroids and immune modulating medications to help reduce inflammation and discomfort due to itchiness.
Topical medications such as medicated shampoos, creams or sprays that may be antibacterial/antifungal or anti-inflammatory.
Allergen-specific immunotherapy, such as allergy injections can help to desensitise pets to specific allergens over time.
Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation is sometimes recommended for pets with skin allergies.
According to PetSure data in 2022, skin disorders in dogs had an average claimed cost of $520.00 and a maximum claimed cost of $17,460. In cats the average claimed cost was of $451.00 and a maximum claimed cost of $4,990.*
Recovery
Skin allergies can be a lifelong problem for some pets, and so require ongoing management. Treating specific flare-ups and managing the symptoms to help keep pets comfortable, itch free and improve quality of life is often the main goal of treatment.
Prevention
It may not be possible to prevent skin allergies in dogs and cats, particularly when the triggers are common environmental allergens that are very hard to avoid. But there may be some ways to help reduce the risk of allergies including:
• Year-round flea and tick control, preferably with a product that also reduces the risk of other biting insects like mosquitoes and prompt • treatment if fleas are noted or there has been known exposure to fleas.
• Avoiding triggers if known such as long grass, pollen or other environmental allergens.
• Bathing promptly after exposure to contact allergens to remove them and avoid a potential flare up.
• Maintaining excellent nutrition and supplementation where recommended by the veterinarian.
• Following information instructed by a veterinarian to help avoid flare ups or going backwards in your pet's progress. Keep in mind that • treatments may be ongoing and lifelong.
• Keep your pet's environment clean and clean with hypoallergenic products.
